•The
Horizon Problem
–Everything
in the observable Universe (and well beyond) was within the
horizon before inflation.
•The
Flatness Problem
–Inflation
was so extreme that all initial conditions are erased, and Omega must
now be exactly 1.
•The
Matter Problem
–Grand
Unified theories show how excess matter can be produced (and symmetry violations
have been observed in particle accelerators).
•The
Creation Problem
–A
quantum fluctuation in the “false vacuum” led to a phase change, and
imposed quantum fluctuations in spacetime which led to the observed structure