Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Born sickly and poor. Smart: got scholarships. Became Lutheran minister; learned Copernicus. Went to work with Tycho to escape 30 Years War. Tycho withheld important data until he died in 1601. Kepler proposed geometrical heliocentric model with imbedded polygons (clever and aesthetic, but not better). With full Mars data, Kepler found his laws of planetary motion in 1605 and published in 1609. Had to keep moving around, but kept publishing better predictions of planetary positions, which were confirmed observationally. A recent note: it turns out that the 1609 publication did not contain real data, but data generated using the laws (which constitutes no independent support at all…  Bad Science!).